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- <text>
- <title>
- (1980) Kabul Is Not Saigon
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1980 Highlights
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD
- Kabul Is Not Saigon
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Helicopter gunships blaze away at elusive guerrillas. The army
- of a superpower tries to shore up an allied regime against an
- insurgency, but the puppet government and its military forces
- only grow weaker. The rebellion spreads. What was intended as
- a swift surgical operation begins to resemble a futile, possibly
- humiliating war without end.
- </p>
- <p> Ever since six Soviet divisions barreled into Afghanistan--and especially since the eruption of indigenous protests against
- the invasion--Western analysts have been tantalized by possible
- parallels to the U.S. involvement in Viet Nam. Says Viet Nam
- War Chronicler David Halberstam: "The Soviets are learning the
- big Viet Nam lesson, that it's easier to go into those countries
- than it is to get out. They will find out, just as the U.S. did,
- how amazingly easy it is for a little country to swallow a
- military machine." Says a Pentagon officer with undisguised
- delight: "I think it's great. It tickles me to death."
- </p>
- <p> There are some striking similarities. Like the U.S., the
- Soviets moved in first with advisers, then felt compelled to
- undertake an active military role when the country was on the
- verge of collapse, as Viet Nam was in 1965. Just as the U.S.
- did with South Viet Nam's forces, the Soviets inherited a
- demoralized, poorly trained, desertion-prone Afghan army that
- has not stomach or heart for fighting the Muslim insurgents.
- Meanwhile, the rebels show no sign of melting away before the
- overwhelming firepower of Soviet tanks, artillery and supersonic
- fighter-bombers. The Moscow installed government of President
- Babrak Karmal already appears to be as discredited as Nguyen Van
- Thieu ever was in Saigon. Even the explanations for the
- invasion that Soviet officials are giving out in Moscow have a
- lamely defensive, Viet Nam-era ring: "We had no choice. We
- had to live up to our commitments."
- </p>
- <p> Some of the problems the Soviets face in Afghanistan are even
- more troublesome than those the U.S. tried to cope with in Viet
- Nam. Despite their discontents, the South Vietnamese populace
- did not actively rise up against the Saigon government; by
- contrast it appears that the vast majority of the fierce and
- volatile Afghans seem to reject the Kabul regime. Edmund
- Stillman, a strategic analyst who is the director of a
- Paris-based think tank, the Hudson Institute, points out that
- Afghanistan is in roughly the same category of population as
- South Viet Nam (approximately 16 million, vs. 12 million) but
- is four times larger in surface area. "If South Viet Nam could
- not be held by 1 million local forces plus 540,000 U.S. troops,"
- Stillman says, "it is hardly credible that a vastly larger
- Afghanistan can be pacified by a dubiously loyal army of 40,000
- and a mere 100,000 Soviets." He also believes that Moscow's
- forces--like America's in Viet Nam--face a problem of
- technological overkill: "What are they going to do, napalm
- nomad tents?"
- </p>
- <p> For all the similarities, however, there are significant,
- perhaps crucial, differences. First, the logistical equation
- is almost exactly reversed; the Soviets are operating across and
- adjoining land border, not across 7,000 miles of ocean. In the
- Afghanistan war, it is the insurgents who are to a degree
- stranded, cut off from sources of support. Second, unlike the
- Viet Cong, the Afghan rebels are lightly armed and disunited,
- with neither a Ho Chi Minh to galvanize them ideologically nor
- anything like the North Vietnamese army to back them up
- militarily. Finally, there is a quantum difference on the home
- front: no network TV news brings the bloody facts of the war
- home to the average Soviet citizen, there are no antiwar
- movements on Soviet campuses, no antidraft demonstrations, no
- domestic public opinion to limit the options of the leadership.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-